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首页> 外文OA文献 >Control of biofouling by xanthine oxidase on seawater reverse osmosis membranes from a desalination plant: enzyme production and screening of bacterial isolates from the full-scale plant
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Control of biofouling by xanthine oxidase on seawater reverse osmosis membranes from a desalination plant: enzyme production and screening of bacterial isolates from the full-scale plant

机译：黄嘌呤氧化酶对海水淡化厂海水反渗透膜上生物结垢的控制：酶的生产和全厂规模细菌分离的筛选

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Control of biofouling on seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes is a major challenge as treatments can be expensive, damage the membrane material and often biocides do not remove the polymers in which bacteria are embedded. Biological control has been largely ignored for biofouling control. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of xanthine oxidase enzyme against complex fouling communities and then identify naturally occurring bacterial strains that produce the free radical generating enzyme. Initially, 64 bacterial strains were isolated from different locations of the Perth Seawater Desalination Plant. In our preceding study, 25/64 isolates were selected from the culture collection as models for biofouling studies, based on their prevalence in comparison to the genomic bacterial community. In this study, screening of these model strains was performed using a nitroblue tetrazolium assay in the presence of hypoxanthine as substrate. Enzyme activity was measured by absorbance. Nine of 25 strains tested positive for xanthine oxidase production, of which Exiguobacterium from sand filters and Microbacterium from RO membranes exhibited significant levels of enzyme production. Other genera that produced xanthine oxidase were Marinomonas, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Pseudoalteromonas and Staphylococcus. Strain variations were observed between members of the genera Microbacterium and Bacillus. Significance and Impact of the Study: Xanthine oxidase, an oxidoreductase enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species, is endogenously produced by many bacterial species. In this study, production of the enzyme by bacterial isolates from a full-scale desalination plant was investigated for potential use as biological control of membrane fouling in seawater desalination. We have previously demonstrated that free radicals generated by a commercially available xanthine oxidase in the presence of a hypoxanthine substrate, effectively dispersed biofilm polysaccharides on industrially fouled membranes. Bacterial xanthine oxidase production in the presence of hypoxanthine may prove to be a cost effective, in situ method for alleviation of fouling.
机译：控制海水反渗透（SWRO）膜上的生物污垢是一项重大挑战，因为处理过程可能很昂贵，会损坏膜材料，而且杀菌剂通常无法去除嵌入细菌的聚合物。生物污染控制在很大程度上已经忽略了生物控制。这项研究的目的是证明黄嘌呤氧化酶对复杂的污垢群落的有效性，然后鉴定产生自由基产生酶的天然细菌菌株。最初，从珀斯海水淡化厂的不同位置分离了64个细菌菌株。在我们先前的研究中，根据与基因组细菌群落相比的患病率，从培养物中选择了25/64个分离株作为生物污染研究的模型。在这项研究中，在次黄嘌呤为底物的情况下，使用硝基蓝四唑鎓分析法对这些模型菌株进行了筛选。酶活性通过吸光度测量。 25个菌株中有9个检测到黄嘌呤氧化酶的产生呈阳性，其中来自砂滤器的Exiguobacterium和来自RO膜的Microbacterium表现出显着水平的酶产生。其他产生黄嘌呤氧化酶的属是马里莫诺氏菌，假单胞菌，芽孢杆菌，假单胞菌和葡萄球菌。在微细菌属和芽孢杆菌属的成员之间观察到菌株变异。研究的意义和影响：黄嘌呤氧化酶是一种可产生活性氧的氧化还原酶，它是由许多细菌内源产生的。在这项研究中，研究了由大规模脱盐工厂的细菌分离物生产酶的潜在用途，可作为海水脱盐中膜污染的生物控制方法。我们以前已经证明，在次黄嘌呤底物存在下，由市售的黄嘌呤氧化酶产生的自由基可有效地将生物膜多糖分散在工业污损的膜上。在次黄嘌呤存在下生产细菌黄嘌呤氧化酶可能被证明是一种经济有效的原位减轻结垢的方法。

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